Tracheotomy

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes a person to get a tracheostomy?

A tracheostomy is a medical procedure performed when a person has difficulty breathing due to blocked airways, severe injury, chronic respiratory diseases, or the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Common causes for requiring a tracheostomy include upper airway obstruction from tumors, trauma, infections, or congenital abnormalities. Other reasons may involve neurological disorders that impair the ability to clear secretions or maintain an open airway, such as in stroke or spinal cord injury. Sometimes, patients with severe pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or those who need prolonged intubation in intensive care settings may also require a tracheostomy. The procedure creates a direct airway through an incision in the trachea (windpipe), enabling better airflow and easier removal of secretions, ultimately improving breathing and quality of life for patients with serious respiratory challenges.

Who tracheostomy?

A tracheostomy is typically performed by specialized medical professionals, such as otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons), thoracic surgeons, or, in emergency settings, trauma surgeons or critical care physicians. These healthcare providers have the expertise to safely create and manage a tracheostomy, ensuring proper placement and minimizing complications. The decision to perform a tracheostomy is usually made by a multidisciplinary team that may include pulmonologists, anesthesiologists, and critical care specialists, depending on the patient's condition. The procedure can be done in an operating room for planned cases or at the bedside in emergency or intensive care situations. Ongoing care and management of the tracheostomy involve nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals to keep the airway clear, prevent infection, and provide patient education, ensuring the best possible outcomes.

Can a person still talk after a tracheostomy?

After a tracheostomy, some people can still talk, but it depends on the type of tracheostomy tube used and the individual's condition. Normally, our voice is produced when air passes from the lungs through the vocal cords in the larynx. With a standard tracheostomy tube, air may bypass the vocal cords, making regular speech difficult. However, specialized speaking valves, such as Passy-Muir valves, can be attached to the tracheostomy tube. These valves allow air to enter through the tracheostomy but close during exhalation, redirecting air over the vocal cords so the patient can speak. Additionally, some tracheostomy tubes are designed with cuffs or fenestrations to aid speech. Voice restoration after tracheostomy often requires speech therapy and practice. With proper equipment and support, many patients regain the ability to communicate verbally, improving their quality of life and social interaction.

Can a person breathe normally after a tracheostomy?

After a tracheostomy, a person can usually breathe effectively, though the process is different from normal breathing through the nose and mouth. The tracheostomy tube provides a direct airway to the trachea, bypassing upper respiratory passages that might be obstructed due to illness, injury, or swelling. Most patients with a tracheostomy can breathe adequately, and in many cases, their oxygen levels and ventilation improve compared to their pre-procedure condition. Some tracheostomy tubes allow for spontaneous breathing, while others may be connected to ventilators for those needing respiratory support. While breathing through a tracheostomy is considered "normal" for someone with airway compromise, it does require adjustments and care, such as humidifying the air and regular cleaning to prevent infection or blockage. With proper management, most people adapt well and can lead active lives.

Does tracheostomy have metal?

Tracheostomy tubes can contain metal, but not all do. Historically, tracheostomy tubes were primarily made from metals such as stainless steel or silver due to their durability and ease of sterilization. Metal tracheostomy tubes are still used today, especially in long-term or permanent cases, and some patients may prefer them for their longevity and resistance to cracking or breaking. However, many modern tracheostomy tubes are now constructed from medical-grade plastics or silicone, which are lightweight, flexible, and more comfortable for short- or medium-term use. The choice between a metal or plastic tracheostomy tube depends on the patient's individual needs, duration of use, and medical advice. Regardless of the material, all tracheostomy tubes are designed to maintain a safe, open airway and facilitate breathing for those with compromised upper airways.